Amino acids, the building blocks of all proteins
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. However, there is a difference between ingesting free amino acids and proteins. Free amino acids are immediately absorbed into the body. Amino acids are the basis for proteins. They are the elementary building blocks of all life and have many key functions. They are the stuff that body cells, enzymes and hormones are made of.
Proteins and amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of life, which form all body cells and body fluids and perform essential biochemical functions as enzymes. Chemically, proteins consist of chains of 20 different amino acids, 9 of which are essential. Approximately 50 % of proteins are found in muscle tissue, while 25 % are present in connective tissue as elastin and keratin and a further 25 % are found in internal organs and in the blood.... Read more
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The structure and function of proteins is diverse
In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, proteins also contain nitrogen, and some also contain sulphur or phosphate. Amino acids have a uniform basic structure, whereby the side chain is variable and determines their specific functions. Amino acids are classified according to different properties, such as aliphatic and glucogenic amino acids, which can be converted into glucose.
Proteins provide energy, especially when carbohydrates are used up, and have an energy density of 17.2 kJ/g. The breakdown of proteins occurs in the small intestine, where amino acids are absorbed to help build the body's own proteins. Furthermore, proteins are crucial for the immune system (in the form of antibodies), muscle building and the regulation of the acid-base balance.
Good sources of protein include eggs, milk, meat, fish, pulses and nuts. The protein content in animal foods is often higher, which increases their biological value. The recommended daily protein intake for healthy adults is around 0.8 g/kg body weight, while active people can consume up to 2 g/kg. A distinction is made between essential and limiting amino acids, whereby the former must be obtained from the diet.
High-protein diets have preventive and therapeutic relevance, particularly in the fight against obesity, diabetes, fatty liver and cancer. A high protein intake can be favourable for maintaining muscle mass and regulating blood sugar levels. However, caution is advised in the case of existing kidney disease, as an increased protein intake could put a strain on kidney function.
Under-supply is a serious problem, especially in developing countries, while over-supply usually has no side effects unless excessive amounts of isolated protein are consumed. With a balanced diet, such toxic effects are unlikely. In summary, an adequate intake of proteins and amino acids is essential for the maintenance of numerous bodily functions and the prevention of malnutrition.