Amino acids, building blocks of all proteins
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. However, there is a difference between ingesting free amino acids and proteins. Free amino acids are absorbed into the body immediately. Amino acids are the basis for Eiweiße, also called proteins. They are elemental building blocks of all life and have many key functions. They are the substance from which body cells, enzymes and hormones are made.
Proteins and amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of life, forming all body cells and bodily fluids and acting as enzymes to carry out essential biochemical functions. Chemically, proteins consist of chains of 20 different amino acids, nine of which are essential. Approximately 50% of proteins are found in muscle tissue, while 25% occur in connective tissue as elastin and keratin and a further 25% occur in internal organs and in the blood.... Read more
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Structure and function of proteins are diverse
Proteins contain, in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, also nitrogen, and some additionally contain sulphur or phosphate. Amino acids share a common basic structure, with the side chain being variable and determining their specific functions. Amino acids are classified according to various properties, for example aliphatic and glucogenic amino acids, which can be converted into glucose.
Proteins provide energy, particularly when carbohydrates are depleted, and have an energy density of 17.2 kJ/g. The breakdown of proteins occurs in the small intestine, where amino acids are absorbed to support the synthesis of the body's own proteins. Furthermore, proteins are crucial for the immune system (in the form of antibodies), muscle building and the regulation of the acid–base balance.
Good sources of protein include eggs, milk, meat, fish, pulses and nuts. The protein content in animal foods is often higher, which increases their biological value. The recommended daily protein intake for healthy adults is about 0.8 g/kg body weight, while active people can utilise up to 2 g/kg. A distinction is made between essential and limiting amino acids, the former of which must be obtained from the diet.
High-protein diets have preventive and therapeutic relevance, particularly for combating obesity, diabetes, fatty liver and also in cancer. A high protein intake can be beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and for blood glucose regulation. However, caution is advised in people with existing kidney disease, as increased protein intake could strain kidney function.
Deficiencies are a serious problem, especially in developing countries, whereas excesses generally show no side effects, unless excessively large amounts of isolated protein are consumed. With a balanced diet such toxic effects are unlikely. In summary, an adequate intake of proteins and amino acids is essential for maintaining numerous bodily functions and for the prevention of malnutrition.